topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claimreported that 6 months of Sel improved GO-specific QoL, reduced ocular involvement, and slowed progression in patients with mild GO, supporting its incorporation into European guidance for mild, active GO, particularly in Sel-deficient areas [].
evidence level1
citationKostadinov Nikolay (2026)
sourceEfficacy of Selenium Supplementation in Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Trial Sequential Analysis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claimSubsequent studies expanded the evidence base but introduced uncertainty: a Mexican randomized study suggested improved clinical activity and reduced progression in mild GO, whereas trials in Sel-sufficient settings and in inactive moderate-to-severe GO have reported more heterogeneous effects [,,].
evidence level1
citationKostadinov Nikolay (2026)
sourceEfficacy of Selenium Supplementation in Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Trial Sequential Analysis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claimCurrent recommendations are largely influenced by limited trial evidence, and prior syntheses have not fully clarified whether benefits differ by baseline Sel status, GO activity/severity, treatment duration, or outcome domain.
evidence level1
citationKostadinov Nikolay (2026)
sourceEfficacy of Selenium Supplementation in Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Trial Sequential Analysis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claim1 2 Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues and represents the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease.
evidence level1
citationKostadinov Nikolay (2026)
sourceEfficacy of Selenium Supplementation in Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Trial Sequential Analysis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claimIt is associated with elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and often anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) ().
evidence level4
citationPersonius Lydia (2026)
sourceBeyond levothyroxine: a narrative review of adjunctive management strategies for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claimThe incidence of HT has increased over recent decades and is higher with advancing age, in women, and in iodine-sufficient populations (,).
evidence level4
citationPersonius Lydia (2026)
sourceBeyond levothyroxine: a narrative review of adjunctive management strategies for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claimWet cupping was associated with a statistically significant reduction in anti-thyroid autoantibody levels and a decrease in TSH despite stable thyroid hormone dosing ().
evidence level4
citationPersonius Lydia (2026)
sourceBeyond levothyroxine: a narrative review of adjunctive management strategies for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
topicSelenium Thyroid Health Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder that has been well documented as the leading cause of hypothyroidism and the most common form of thyroiditis ().
evidence level4
citationPersonius Lydia (2026)
sourceBeyond levothyroxine: a narrative review of adjunctive management strategies for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis