evidence table
Protein Intake and Muscle Evidence Table
Structured evidence table for Protein Intake and Muscle, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein Intake and Muscle | 1 2 3 Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome characterised by increased vulnerability to stressors and a heightened risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability and higher rates of hospitalizations in older adults []. | 2 | Biersteker Esmée J.M. (2026) | Effect of a protein intervention during resistance training with varying training intensities on muscle outcomes in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | Although resistance training alone is beneficial, its effects may be further increased when protein intake is optimized [,,]. | 2 | Biersteker Esmée J.M. (2026) | Effect of a protein intervention during resistance training with varying training intensities on muscle outcomes in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | Importantly, evidence suggests that protein supplementation does not augment resistance training adaptations in older adults with adequate protein intake, whereas benefits appear primarily in those with low habitual intake [,,,,,,]. | 2 | Biersteker Esmée J.M. (2026) | Effect of a protein intervention during resistance training with varying training intensities on muscle outcomes in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | A major contributor to frailty is sarcopenia, defined as the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with aging [,]. | 2 | Biersteker Esmée J.M. (2026) | Effect of a protein intervention during resistance training with varying training intensities on muscle outcomes in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | In the prespecified overlap-weighted marginal structural model (ATO estimand), higher intake was associated with lower odds of mobility limitation, although the primary contrast comparing ≥ 1.2 versus Conclusions Higher usual protein intake was directionally associated with lower odds of mobility limitation among older U.S. | 4 | Ling Y (2026) | Association between usual protein intake and muscle function in older U.S. adults: a target-trial emulation using NHANES 2011-2018. |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | Evidence of nonlinearity suggests that intakes near 1.0-1.1 g/kg/day may mark a range where predicted limitation declines more steeply, but uncertainty increases at higher intake levels. | 4 | Ling Y (2026) | Association between usual protein intake and muscle function in older U.S. adults: a target-trial emulation using NHANES 2011-2018. |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | Background The link between long-term protein intake and muscle performance in older adults has been hard to define, partly because most studies rely on short dietary windows and are vulnerable to confounding and measurement noise. | 4 | Ling Y (2026) | Association between usual protein intake and muscle function in older U.S. adults: a target-trial emulation using NHANES 2011-2018. |
| Protein Intake and Muscle | In this work, we attempted to estimate the usual protein intake and functional limitation among U.S. | 4 | Ling Y (2026) | Association between usual protein intake and muscle function in older U.S. adults: a target-trial emulation using NHANES 2011-2018. |
Source documents
- Effect of a protein intervention during resistance training with varying training intensities on muscle outcomes in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial
- Association between usual protein intake and muscle function in older U.S. adults: a target-trial emulation using NHANES 2011-2018.