topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimStandard therapy often relies on antibiotics, but the long-term use has increased antibiotic resistance, including in Indonesia.
evidence level2
citationLestari K (2026)
sourceOral probiotics and topical secretome to enhance clinical outcomes and microbiome restoration in acne vulgaris: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial protocol.
topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimBackground Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily caused by Cutibacterium acnes , which disrupts skin homeostasis, thereby triggering immune responses and sebum metabolism.
evidence level2
citationLestari K (2026)
sourceOral probiotics and topical secretome to enhance clinical outcomes and microbiome restoration in acne vulgaris: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial protocol.
topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimDysbiosis is an imbalance in the skin and gut microbiota identified as a significant factor contributing to acne progression.
evidence level2
citationLestari K (2026)
sourceOral probiotics and topical secretome to enhance clinical outcomes and microbiome restoration in acne vulgaris: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial protocol.
topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimElevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play a key role, as increased ROS levels are found in patients with rosacea [].
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceThe Role of Biotics in Rosacea: A Narrative Review
topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimMendelian randomization studies have linked certain bacterial taxa, including uncategorized[] andspecies [], to an increased risk of rosacea, while other taxa appear to confer a protective effect [].
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceThe Role of Biotics in Rosacea: A Narrative Review
topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimAlthough these studies provide limited mechanistic insight, they strengthen the evidence that microbial composition influences disease risk and expression.
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceThe Role of Biotics in Rosacea: A Narrative Review
topicProbiotics Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimGeneral features of rosacea 1 2 4 Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting about 5.5% of adults, mainly aged 30-50.
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceThe Role of Biotics in Rosacea: A Narrative Review