topicProbiotics Immune Support Randomized Trial
claimStudy selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (RoB 2.0) were performed independently by two reviewers.
evidence level1
citationKumar G (2026)
sourceImpact of probiotic supplementation on salivary function, oral microbiota, and gut health: a systematic review.
topicProbiotics Immune Support Randomized Trial
claimProbiotic supplementation was associated with improvements in salivary parameters, including buffering capacity and plaque pH, and reductions in cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans .
evidence level1
citationKumar G (2026)
sourceImpact of probiotic supplementation on salivary function, oral microbiota, and gut health: a systematic review.
topicProbiotics Immune Support Randomized Trial
claimOverall, evidence suggested beneficial effects, though heterogeneity and methodological limitations reduced certainty.
evidence level1
citationKumar G (2026)
sourceImpact of probiotic supplementation on salivary function, oral microbiota, and gut health: a systematic review.
topicProbiotics Immune Support Randomized Trial
claimIntroduction Probiotics, which are classified as helpful living microorganisms, have demonstrated the ability to improve salivary function, inhibit pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, and modify the oral and gut microbiota.
evidence level1
citationKumar G (2026)
sourceImpact of probiotic supplementation on salivary function, oral microbiota, and gut health: a systematic review.
topicProbiotics Immune Support Randomized Trial
claimIn recent years, the role of the gut microbiota in regulating human health has gained increasing scientific attention, particularly during early life [...].
evidence level4
citationBiagioli V (2026)
sourceProbiotics, Maternal Microbiome, and Early-Life Programming: A One Health Perspective on Perinatal and Infant Health.