topicProbiotic Depression Randomized Trial
claimAnxiety is a prevalent non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet treatment options remain limited.
evidence level2
citationLam JST (2026)
sourceProbiotic supplementation for anxiety symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
topicProbiotic Depression Randomized Trial
claimBoth the probiotic (n = 30) and placebo (n = 31) groups showed significant within-group improvements on the Parkinson Anxiety Scale, with no significant between-group differences.
evidence level2
citationLam JST (2026)
sourceProbiotic supplementation for anxiety symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
topicProbiotic Depression Randomized Trial
claim15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 The emerging evidence supports that there is a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and depression, representing a paradigm shift in psychiatric research [,].
evidence level2
citationMosavat Seyed Hamdollah (2026)
sourceEffect of probiotic supplement on improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with substance-induced depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
topicProbiotic Depression Randomized Trial
claimAnimal studies have presented some compelling evidence to suggest a causal role of dysbiosis in depression-like behaviours [].
evidence level2
citationMosavat Seyed Hamdollah (2026)
sourceEffect of probiotic supplement on improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with substance-induced depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
topicProbiotic Depression Randomized Trial
claimMDD and SUD often co-occur, with each disorder increasing the risk of developing the other [].
evidence level2
citationMosavat Seyed Hamdollah (2026)
sourceEffect of probiotic supplement on improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with substance-induced depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
topicProbiotic Depression Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most frequent and disabling psychiatric conditions worldwide, and recent estimates suggest that there are 300 million1 cases [].
evidence level2
citationMosavat Seyed Hamdollah (2026)
sourceEffect of probiotic supplement on improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with substance-induced depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial