topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claimChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition associated with metabolic disturbances, systemic inflammation, and the accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins.
evidence level2
citationDi Renzo T (2026)
sourceImpact of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials.
topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claimIncreasing evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the progression of CKD through the gut-kidney axis.
evidence level2
citationDi Renzo T (2026)
sourceImpact of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials.
topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claimThis review summarizes and critically evaluates the current clinical evidence regarding the use of these interventions in CKD patients.
evidence level2
citationDi Renzo T (2026)
sourceImpact of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials.
topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claimAmong the different forms of the disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) accounts for approximately 90–95% of all cases and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, excess adiposity, physical inactivity, and dietary patterns characterized by high consumption of energy-dense, highly processed foods [,].
evidence level3
citationTornero-Aguilera Jose Francisco (2026)
sourceCocoa-Based Plant Matrices in Glucose Metabolism: Bioactive Compounds and Redox Signaling
topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claim6 7 8 Over the past decades, the prevalence of diabetes has increased markedly worldwide, reaching levels of major public health concern.
evidence level3
citationTornero-Aguilera Jose Francisco (2026)
sourceCocoa-Based Plant Matrices in Glucose Metabolism: Bioactive Compounds and Redox Signaling
topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claimThe disease imposes a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems, reduces quality of life, and is associated with a marked increase in mortality risk.
evidence level3
citationTornero-Aguilera Jose Francisco (2026)
sourceCocoa-Based Plant Matrices in Glucose Metabolism: Bioactive Compounds and Redox Signaling
topicPrebiotic Stress Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 Diabetes mellitus comprises a complex and heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from alterations in insulin secretion, insulin action, or a combination of both processes.
evidence level3
citationTornero-Aguilera Jose Francisco (2026)
sourceCocoa-Based Plant Matrices in Glucose Metabolism: Bioactive Compounds and Redox Signaling