topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimThis narrative review summarizes current preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the mechanistic and clinical relevance of L-α-GPC in neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive impairment.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimIn animal models, L-α-GPC has been associated with improved cognitive performance, reduced neuroinflammation, and attenuation of amyloid-β and tau-related pathological features.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimHowever, the interpretation of these findings should be cautious because the available evidence remains heterogeneous, with notable variability in study design, dosage regimens, treatment duration, and outcome measures.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and vascular dementia are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimHowever, its metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is considered a potential cardiovascular risk factor.
evidence level4
citationWang W (2026)
sourceAssociation between egg-derived phosphatidylcholine intake and trimethylamine N-oxide in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimRESULTS: In the high-dose phosphatidylcholine group, serum trimethylamine N-oxide concentration increased significantly at 12 weeks (Week 12) compared with Baseline (Week 0) (P = 0.028).
evidence level4
citationWang W (2026)
sourceAssociation between egg-derived phosphatidylcholine intake and trimethylamine N-oxide in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimAcross all groups, mean trimethylamine N-oxide values remained substantially below the threshold associated with high clinical risk.
evidence level4
citationWang W (2026)
sourceAssociation between egg-derived phosphatidylcholine intake and trimethylamine N-oxide in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
topicPhosphatidylcholine Cognition Randomized Trial
claimBACKGROUND: Egg-derived phosphatidylcholine may support the maintenance of cognitive function.
evidence level4
citationWang W (2026)
sourceAssociation between egg-derived phosphatidylcholine intake and trimethylamine N-oxide in healthy middle-aged and older adults.