topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claimPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, are at increased risk of cognitive impairment and progression to dementia, including both vascular and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia [–].
evidence level2
citationGallagher Damien (2026)
sourceEfficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in patients with mild cognitive impairment undergoing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program: a randomized controlled trial
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claimPrevention and early intervention are therefore key priorities, particularly in populations with elevated vascular risk [,].
evidence level2
citationGallagher Damien (2026)
sourceEfficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in patients with mild cognitive impairment undergoing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program: a randomized controlled trial
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claim11 12 13 14 15 5 Increased oxidative stress (OS) is well-documented in cerebrovascular disease and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline [,].
evidence level2
citationGallagher Damien (2026)
sourceEfficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in patients with mild cognitive impairment undergoing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program: a randomized controlled trial
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claim1 2 4 5 6 7 10 2 9 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of cognitive decline characterized by measurable deficits that do not significantly interfere with daily functioning [].
evidence level2
citationGallagher Damien (2026)
sourceEfficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in patients with mild cognitive impairment undergoing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program: a randomized controlled trial
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claim1 Aging is characterized by progressive physiological decline, including loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (Sarcopenia), reduced mitochondrial efficiency, and increased oxidative stress, all of which contribute to frailty and diminished quality of life in older adults ().
evidence level3
citationWang Xiaolan (2026)
sourceGlycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 By the age of 70, individuals may experience a 25%−30% reduction in muscle mass, which is strongly associated with impaired mobility, falls, and loss of independence ().
evidence level3
citationWang Xiaolan (2026)
sourceGlycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claimLow circulating glycine levels have been associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and higher cardiometabolic risk (,).
evidence level3
citationWang Xiaolan (2026)
sourceGlycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
topicNac Cognitive Performance Randomized Trial
claimIn this review, the term “older adults” generally refers to individuals aged ≥60 or ≥65 years, consistent with definitions used by the World Health Organization and most geriatric clinical trials.
evidence level3
citationWang Xiaolan (2026)
sourceGlycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults