topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claimThey secrete cytokines and chemokines, promoting the recruitment of macrophages and polymorphs to the skin injury site, and express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
evidence level3
citationGuryanova Svetlana V. (2026)
sourceHuman and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claimDermcidin helps to limit bacterial colonization on the skin during the initial hours after sweating, and therefore effectively reduces the risk of infection by pathogens encountered in the environment.
evidence level3
citationGuryanova Svetlana V. (2026)
sourceHuman and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claimPatients with atopic dermatitis (AD), for instance, have significantly reduced levels of dermcidin peptides in their sweat [].
evidence level3
citationGuryanova Svetlana V. (2026)
sourceHuman and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 The skin provides the first line of body defense system, employing both physical and chemical barriers to repel pathogens.
evidence level3
citationGuryanova Svetlana V. (2026)
sourceHuman and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claimThese peptides have been associated with immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties [,], possibly modulating the gut microbiome [] and exhibiting systemic activity to mitigate microbial infections [].
evidence level4
citationKaplan Nicole (2026)
sourceThe Protective and Regenerative Potential of Lactoferrin in Hair and Skin Health
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claimIn a clinical study, lactoferrin supplementation has been linked to a pronounced increase in circulating neutrophil precursors, and an associated reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production [].
evidence level4
citationKaplan Nicole (2026)
sourceThe Protective and Regenerative Potential of Lactoferrin in Hair and Skin Health
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claimAlthough the mechanisms described here are associated with direct immune system regulation, lactoferrin also works through biochemical and cellular mechanisms that make it relevant for protection against environmental stressors such as pathogens and UV radiation [,], making it particularly relevant for hair and skin applications.
evidence level4
citationKaplan Nicole (2026)
sourceThe Protective and Regenerative Potential of Lactoferrin in Hair and Skin Health
topicLactoferrin Skin Acne Randomized Trial
claim1 1 2 3 4 1 4 Lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein that has protective and tissue healing capacities throughout the life of an organism [].
evidence level4
citationKaplan Nicole (2026)
sourceThe Protective and Regenerative Potential of Lactoferrin in Hair and Skin Health