evidence table

L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial Evidence Table

Name: L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial Evidence Table
Creator: Migaku
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Structured evidence table for L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topic	claim	evidence level	citation	source
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	1 Aging is characterized by progressive physiological decline, including loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (Sarcopenia), reduced mitochondrial efficiency, and increased oxidative stress, all of which contribute to frailty and diminished quality of life in older adults ().	3	Wang Xiaolan (2026)	Glycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	1 2 3 4 5 By the age of 70, individuals may experience a 25%−30% reduction in muscle mass, which is strongly associated with impaired mobility, falls, and loss of independence ().	3	Wang Xiaolan (2026)	Glycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	Low circulating glycine levels have been associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and higher cardiometabolic risk (,).	3	Wang Xiaolan (2026)	Glycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	In this review, the term “older adults” generally refers to individuals aged ≥60 or ≥65 years, consistent with definitions used by the World Health Organization and most geriatric clinical trials.	3	Wang Xiaolan (2026)	Glycine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation, with or without exercise, in brain health and functional aging: implications for sarcopenia and frailty in older adults
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	3 8 3 Beyond the established roles of glucotoxicity and hemodynamic stress, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of profound metabolic disturbances in driving DKD pathogenesis [–].	3	Dai Yuanhua (2026)	Carnitine dysregulation in diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenic mechanism to precision biomarker
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	These abnormalities not only exacerbate glomerular and tubular injury through lipotoxicity and oxidative stress but also give rise to a range of circulating metabolites with potential utility as biomarkers for disease risk stratification [].	3	Dai Yuanhua (2026)	Carnitine dysregulation in diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenic mechanism to precision biomarker
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	9 11 12 16 Carnitine, through the carnitine shuttle system formed with its associated transporters, mediates the translocation of long-chain fatty acyl groups into the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidatio [–].	3	Dai Yuanhua (2026)	Carnitine dysregulation in diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenic mechanism to precision biomarker
L-Carnitine Cognition Randomized Trial	1 2 Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most prevalent and severe microvascular complications of diabetes, affecting approximately 30–40% of diabetic patients worldwide and remaining the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [,].	3	Dai Yuanhua (2026)	Carnitine dysregulation in diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenic mechanism to precision biomarker