topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claimThe risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Risk of bias of non-randomized trials.
evidence level1
citationHamsho M (2026)
sourceKefir: A Potential Gut Microbiota Modulator: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies.
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claimKefir-specific bacterial species and strains were found in participants fecal samples suggesting colonization properties.
evidence level1
citationHamsho M (2026)
sourceKefir: A Potential Gut Microbiota Modulator: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies.
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claimKefir consumption was associated with modest and heterogenous changes in gut microbiota composition.
evidence level1
citationHamsho M (2026)
sourceKefir: A Potential Gut Microbiota Modulator: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies.
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claimKefir is a fermented dairy product containing live and active microbial culture, including lactic acid bacteria and yeast.
evidence level1
citationHamsho M (2026)
sourceKefir: A Potential Gut Microbiota Modulator: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies.
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claimThere is strong evidence of a correlation linking gut dysbiosis with reduced microbial diversity and a disruption in the balance of microbial communities, and inflammatory and metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [,,].
evidence level3
citationAlhaj Omar A. (2026)
sourceDairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claimMeta-analyses of clinical interventions corroborate the results of regular yogurt or kefir intake, showing significant decreases in fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) in dysbiosis-associated conditions, with effect sizes dependent on strain composition, dose, and host genotype [,,,].
evidence level3
citationAlhaj Omar A. (2026)
sourceDairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claim9 35 36 9 9 37 9 35 38 39 9 35 Figure 1 Despite the compelling evidence for the DB components as GM modulators, three critical knowledge gaps remain, including dose–response characterization, long-term clinical efficacy, and elucidation of the mechanism’s pathway [,,].
evidence level3
citationAlhaj Omar A. (2026)
sourceDairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health
topicKefir Gut Microbiome Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1 3 1 8 1 9 10 1 9 11 12 1 10 13 9 14 The GM is the complex community of Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, and viruses that live in the gastrointestinal tract in an intimate unit between the host and the microbes, called the holobiont [,].
evidence level3
citationAlhaj Omar A. (2026)
sourceDairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health