topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimThe International Olympic Committee consensus statement recognises evidence supporting certain supplements for specific aspects of exercise performance, while emphasising that their use should be considered in relation to the sport, nutritional status, and training demands [].
evidence level1
citationSun Richen (2026)
sourceEffects of dietary supplements on lower-limb power and jump performance in physically active individuals and athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimFurther evidence synthesis requires clarification of the relative effects of different supplements on individual power and jump outcomes, as well as the extent to which these estimates depend on population characteristics, intervention regimens, and analytical assumptions.
evidence level1
citationSun Richen (2026)
sourceEffects of dietary supplements on lower-limb power and jump performance in physically active individuals and athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimThe primary objective was to estimate the effects of dietary supplements relative to placebo and other interventions within each outcome network and to assess the reliability of these comparisons using credible intervals, prediction intervals, and CINeMA assessments of certainty of evidence [].
evidence level1
citationSun Richen (2026)
sourceEffects of dietary supplements on lower-limb power and jump performance in physically active individuals and athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claim1 Lower-limb power and jump performance are commonly used indicators of physical performance and training adaptations and are closely related to movements such as jumping, acceleration, and rapid changes of direction.
evidence level1
citationSun Richen (2026)
sourceEffects of dietary supplements on lower-limb power and jump performance in physically active individuals and athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimBackground Nutritional supplementation is widely used to support sports performance; however, evidence specific to volleyball players remains fragmented.
evidence level1
citationZhao B (2026)
sourceEffects of nutritional supplementation on physical performance and sport-specific skills in volleyball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimRisk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed.
evidence level1
citationZhao B (2026)
sourceEffects of nutritional supplementation on physical performance and sport-specific skills in volleyball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimNutritional supplementation was associated with significant improvements in vertical jump performance (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.70), muscle strength (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69), agility (SMD = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.54-1.24), and sport-specific technical skills (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.31-0.95).
evidence level1
citationZhao B (2026)
sourceEffects of nutritional supplementation on physical performance and sport-specific skills in volleyball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of nutritional supplementation on physical performance and sport-specific skills in competitive volleyball players.
evidence level1
citationZhao B (2026)
sourceEffects of nutritional supplementation on physical performance and sport-specific skills in volleyball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimEndurance performance improved only with protein (0.99; 0.16-1.83; 94.3%; very low).
evidence level1
citationDeng B (2025)
sourceDietary Supplement Strategies During Conditioning Training in Athletes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Peak and Mean Anaerobic Power, VO<sub>2</sub>max, and Endurance Performance.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimDietary supplements are often used during training to support energy provision, recovery, and adaptation, yet effects on peak and mean anaerobic power, VO 2 max, and endurance performance remain inconsistent.
evidence level1
citationDeng B (2025)
sourceDietary Supplement Strategies During Conditioning Training in Athletes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Peak and Mean Anaerobic Power, VO<sub>2</sub>max, and Endurance Performance.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claimUnlike prior syntheses centred on neuromuscular outcomes (strength and hypertrophy), this study compared six common supplements-protein, creatine, β-alanine, HMB, vitamin D, and nitrate-on energy-system performance (peak anaerobic power, mean anaerobic power, VO 2 max, and endurance performance) using network meta-analysis.
evidence level1
citationDeng B (2025)
sourceDietary Supplement Strategies During Conditioning Training in Athletes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Peak and Mean Anaerobic Power, VO<sub>2</sub>max, and Endurance Performance.
topicHmb Muscle Damage Meta-Analysis
claim2008 2022 1 In the months following hospitalization, older patients face an elevated risk of falls and fractures (Gardner et al.,; Qian et al.,).
evidence level4
citationReyes Julia Margarita (2026)
sourceMusculoskeletal decay and bone–muscle crosstalk during physical disuse: Mechanisms and integrated countermeasures