topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimConclusion Acute post-exercise HMB-FA supplementation in elite judo athletes did not significantly influence muscle damage or oxidative stress markers but transiently increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GPX, and SOD).
evidence level2
citationTayebi SM (2026)
sourceEffects of acute HMB-FA supplementation on antioxidant status and muscle damage in Elite Judoka: a randomized pilot trial.
topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimPurpose High-intensity judo bouts induce oxidative stress and muscle damage, impairing recovery.
evidence level2
citationTayebi SM (2026)
sourceEffects of acute HMB-FA supplementation on antioxidant status and muscle damage in Elite Judoka: a randomized pilot trial.
topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial examined whether acute β -hydroxy- β -methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation influences muscle damage, oxidative stress, and antioxidant biomarkers in elite judoka.
evidence level2
citationTayebi SM (2026)
sourceEffects of acute HMB-FA supplementation on antioxidant status and muscle damage in Elite Judoka: a randomized pilot trial.
topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimAs life expectancy increases, age-associated declines in muscle strength, metabolic flexibility, immune responsiveness, and cognitive resilience have become major contributors to morbidity and diminished quality of life.
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceTaurine and glutamine supplementation in aging: systemic mechanisms, exercise interactions, and modulation of muscular and neurobiological pathways
topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimDespite these benefits, the biological response to exercise is often dampened in aging due to reduced mitochondrial efficiency, lower anabolic sensitivity, impaired antioxidant capacity, and chronic inflammatory signaling.
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceTaurine and glutamine supplementation in aging: systemic mechanisms, exercise interactions, and modulation of muscular and neurobiological pathways
topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimAs a result, older adults commonly experience delayed recovery, attenuated gains in muscle strength or aerobic capacity, and limited adaptations compared with younger individuals.
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceTaurine and glutamine supplementation in aging: systemic mechanisms, exercise interactions, and modulation of muscular and neurobiological pathways
topicHmb Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimKirkwood, 2005 Lutz and Quinn, 2012 Falahi et al., 2025 Liang et al., 2022 Hébert, 1997 The steady growth of the global older population has intensified scientific attention toward biological processes that erode functional capacity and compromise independence with aging.
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceTaurine and glutamine supplementation in aging: systemic mechanisms, exercise interactions, and modulation of muscular and neurobiological pathways