topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimHowever, several challenges limit their industrial application: thermal processing induces transformation or degradation of heat-sensitive ginsenosides; bitterness and astringency hinder consumer acceptance; bioactive variability depends on cultivar, growing conditions, and harvest stage; and high-quality clinical evidence remains insufficient.
evidence level3
citationGuo S (2026)
sourceIndigenous knowledge and modern science: a comprehensive review of phytochemicals in <i>Panax ginseng</i> flower for nutritional and health applications.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimGinseng flower holds significant potential as a sustainable functional food ingredient, and future research should focus on mild processing technologies, sensory optimization, and quality standardization to facilitate its evidence-based development.
evidence level3
citationGuo S (2026)
sourceIndigenous knowledge and modern science: a comprehensive review of phytochemicals in <i>Panax ginseng</i> flower for nutritional and health applications.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimPanax ginseng flowers, an annually renewable yet underutilized byproduct of ginseng cultivation, represent a promising raw material for functional foods that bridges traditional East Asian ethnobotanical practices with modern nutritional science.
evidence level3
citationGuo S (2026)
sourceIndigenous knowledge and modern science: a comprehensive review of phytochemicals in <i>Panax ginseng</i> flower for nutritional and health applications.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimThis review systematically summarizes the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ginseng flowers to evaluate their potential as health-oriented food ingredients.
evidence level3
citationGuo S (2026)
sourceIndigenous knowledge and modern science: a comprehensive review of phytochemicals in <i>Panax ginseng</i> flower for nutritional and health applications.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimWe tested the chemical composition of the purees and found that the content of GABA and rare ginsenoside (Rh 4 , Rg 3 , and CK) in the puree made of ginseng and germinated brown rice (FGB) increased significantly after fermentation.
evidence level4
citationFeng S (2024)
sourceThe Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Effects of Rare Ginsenosides and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Fermented Ginseng and Germinated Brown Rice Puree.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimThe antioxidant activity of the six purees was determined using cell-free experiments, and it was found that FGB had better ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rates, exhibiting better antioxidant effects.
evidence level4
citationFeng S (2024)
sourceThe Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Effects of Rare Ginsenosides and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Fermented Ginseng and Germinated Brown Rice Puree.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimWe then evaluated the antioxidant effect of FGB in HepG 2 cells induced by H 2 O 2 and found that FGB can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG 2 cells and increase the membrane potential level, thereby improving oxidative damage in these cells.
evidence level4
citationFeng S (2024)
sourceThe Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Effects of Rare Ginsenosides and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Fermented Ginseng and Germinated Brown Rice Puree.
topicFermented Ginseng Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and rare ginsenosides are good antioxidant and anti-fatigue active components that can be enriched via probiotic fermentation.
evidence level4
citationFeng S (2024)
sourceThe Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Effects of Rare Ginsenosides and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Fermented Ginseng and Germinated Brown Rice Puree.