topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimThis cutoff was selected based on evidence indicating glycogen stress at ~40 min under heat stress.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimRisk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimCarbohydrate supplementation resulted in equivocal benefits to endurance performance: five studies found significant ( p Conclusions Carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise in the heat does not consistently improve exercise performance.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimBackground and objectives Endurance exercise performance is impaired by heat stress.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimPhysical effort under these settings may cause excessive sweating, increasing the risk of severe dehydration.
evidence level4
citationLi Jiaxin (2026)
sourceA review of safety risk management and optimization strategies for physical education classes in Chinese schools in heat-stress environments
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimCurrent literature indicates that such deficits result in marked impairments across aerobic capacity, muscular endurance, and cognitive functioning ().
evidence level4
citationLi Jiaxin (2026)
sourceA review of safety risk management and optimization strategies for physical education classes in Chinese schools in heat-stress environments
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claimIn addition, it is critical to recognize that physiological predispositions, specifically elevated adiposity and pre-existing chronic comorbidities, significantly increased susceptibility to heat dehydration.
evidence level4
citationLi Jiaxin (2026)
sourceA review of safety risk management and optimization strategies for physical education classes in Chinese schools in heat-stress environments
topicElectrolyte Hydration Marathon Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 5–7 8 9 There is a broad consensus in the field that physical education classes provide a critical, structured environment for fostering consistent physical activity in students ().
evidence level4
citationLi Jiaxin (2026)
sourceA review of safety risk management and optimization strategies for physical education classes in Chinese schools in heat-stress environments