topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claimWhile research conflicts on whether carbohydrate ingestion during exercise spares muscle glycogen, it consistently demonstrates reduced liver glycogenolysis [].
evidence level1
citationSalame Adriana (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claimBeyond exercise-induced gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular strain further damages the gastrointestinal barrier and impairs gastric emptying, perpetuating a cycle of heat stress-associated dehydration, tissue hypoperfusion and impaired fluid, electrolyte, and energy replacement [].
evidence level1
citationSalame Adriana (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claimIn contrast, muscle glycogenolysis decreases with carbohydrate ingestion, which is consistent with reduced muscle fatigue under hot conditions [].
evidence level1
citationSalame Adriana (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 Muscle and liver glycogen critically determine fatigue during prolonged exercise [].
evidence level1
citationSalame Adriana (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claimBecause the review was narrative in scope, no formal risk-of-bias assessment or quantitative synthesis was performed.
evidence level4
citationSuzuki Katsuhiko (2026)
sourceSports Drinks for Rehydration, Amelioration of Fatigue, and Recovery from Exertion
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claimEven when considered from the perspective of peri-exercise fluid ingestion, sports drinks can be broadly defined as beverages specifically formulated to ameliorate dehydration, fatigue, and exercise-associated physiological disturbances, while maintaining or improving performance or accelerating recovery through fluid replacement, electrolyte replenishment, and/or substrate provision.
evidence level4
citationSuzuki Katsuhiko (2026)
sourceSports Drinks for Rehydration, Amelioration of Fatigue, and Recovery from Exertion
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claimWhile evidence from traditional reviews of conventional sports drinks is also comprehensively referenced, this review places particular emphasis on recent research trends concerning emerging sports drinks that target outcomes beyond hydration alone.
evidence level4
citationSuzuki Katsuhiko (2026)
sourceSports Drinks for Rehydration, Amelioration of Fatigue, and Recovery from Exertion
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 1 4 5 6 7 8 4 5 6 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Water is a fundamental component of the human body (~70% of body composition) and plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes [,,].
evidence level4
citationSuzuki Katsuhiko (2026)
sourceSports Drinks for Rehydration, Amelioration of Fatigue, and Recovery from Exertion