topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimThis cutoff was selected based on evidence indicating glycogen stress at ~40 min under heat stress.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimRisk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimCarbohydrate supplementation resulted in equivocal benefits to endurance performance: five studies found significant ( p Conclusions Carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise in the heat does not consistently improve exercise performance.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimBackground and objectives Endurance exercise performance is impaired by heat stress.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimThis narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on nutritional interventions that may be relevant to football performed in the heat, with emphasis on hydration and electrolyte replacement, carbohydrate-protein strategies, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), creatine, menthol, antioxidant- and nitrate-related approaches, and selected multi-ingredient products.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimBy contrast, evidence for BCAAs, antioxidants, nitrates, and caffeine as stand-alone heat strategies, as well as for many compound supplements, remains inconsistent, context-specific, or too indirect for strong football-specific endorsement.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimOverall, the evidence base remains heterogeneous in study quality, protocol design, exercise mode, and sport specificity.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimRising ambient temperatures and the increasing frequency of training and competition in hot climates have made heat stress a major challenge in football.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.