topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 The characteristics of dementia syndrome are cognitive dysfunction, including memory loss, reduced executive functions, language impairment, and affected performance in daily life activities [].
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claimNotably, about 70% of older people are living in low–middle income countries [], representing a significant economic weight associated with medical costs for health systems [].
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claimIn addition, it is necessary to unveil the risk factors promoting dementia in order to develop preventive strategies.
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claimDementia affects approximately 55 million individuals worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to rise up to 131.5 million by 2050, representing a major global health challenge [,].
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claimAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a major global neurodegenerative disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet current treatments remain largely symptomatic and ineffective in halting neurodegeneration.
evidence level4
citationZainuddin MS (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives.
topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claimGrowing evidence links oxidative stress potentially being an early event in AD progression.
evidence level4
citationZainuddin MS (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives.
topicCocoa Flavanol Cognition Randomized Trial
claimThis review summarizes clinical evidence of oxidative stress biomarkers in AD and examines the neuroprotective mechanisms of flavonoids against oxidative stress in vivo , together with current clinical findings.
evidence level4
citationZainuddin MS (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives.