topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimData extraction focused on weight loss, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool.
evidence level1
citationPujia C (2026)
sourceEffect of Citrus bergamia Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of nutraceuticals containing Citrus bergamia on the management of obesity in adults by assessing measures related to obesity.
evidence level1
citationPujia C (2026)
sourceEffect of Citrus bergamia Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimWe searched the following databases until October 2024: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.
evidence level1
citationPujia C (2026)
sourceEffect of Citrus bergamia Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimEpidemiological studies indicate that CRS affects a substantial proportion of patients, with an estimated prevalence of up to 0.4% in the general population and 2–3% in individuals with diabetes and heart failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimMost preclinical studies investigating polyphenolic interventions have focused on type IV and type V CRS, particularly diabetes-induced chronic kidney disease with associated cardiovascular dysfunction [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimSpecifically, gut dysbiosis leads to an increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), allowing the translocation of microbiota-derived uremic toxins (such as p-cresyl sulfate and TMAO) into the systemic circulation [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Figure 1 Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) describe the complex bidirectional interaction between the heart and the kidneys, whereby acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ induces structural and functional impairment of the other [].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection