topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimThis review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of both plant- and animal-derived foods on cognitive outcomes from early development through older adulthood.
evidence level4
citationHardaway C (2026)
sourceBrain Foods: A Narrative Review of Food Items and Their Impact on Cognition over the Life Course.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimEvidence was evaluated across life stages, considering nutrient bioavailability, dietary patterns, and the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, and environmental factors that influence access to these foods.
evidence level4
citationHardaway C (2026)
sourceBrain Foods: A Narrative Review of Food Items and Their Impact on Cognition over the Life Course.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimIn early childhood, eggs, meat, and nuts were linked to improved neurodevelopment and reductions in developmental delays, while evidence for seafood and dairy was more mixed.
evidence level4
citationHardaway C (2026)
sourceBrain Foods: A Narrative Review of Food Items and Their Impact on Cognition over the Life Course.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimBackground/Objectives : Cognitive function is fundamental to daily life, and nutrition is a key modifiable determinant of brain health across the lifespan.
evidence level4
citationHardaway C (2026)
sourceBrain Foods: A Narrative Review of Food Items and Their Impact on Cognition over the Life Course.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimThis narrative review summarizes current preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the mechanistic and clinical relevance of L-α-GPC in neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive impairment.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimIn animal models, L-α-GPC has been associated with improved cognitive performance, reduced neuroinflammation, and attenuation of amyloid-β and tau-related pathological features.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimHowever, the interpretation of these findings should be cautious because the available evidence remains heterogeneous, with notable variability in study design, dosage regimens, treatment duration, and outcome measures.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
topicCholine Memory Randomized Trial
claimNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and vascular dementia are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline.
evidence level4
citationPutri VA (2026)
sourceL-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.