topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimOne of the most conspicuous manifestations of aging is the insidious reduction of skeletal muscle mass and strength, a phenomenon referred to as sarcopenia, which is intricately associated with frailty, an elevated risk of falls, and metabolic dysregulation (,).
evidence level4
citationHao Shuai (2026)
sourceComparative effects of pea protein vs. dairy proteins (α-lactalbumin and casein) on aminoacidemia, exercise performance, gut microbiota, hormonal responses, neurocognitive function, mood, and metabolic–inflammatory responses in older adults
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimSimultaneously, age-associated deficits in glucose metabolism, heightened low-grade inflammation, and cognitive decline further complicate health outcomes within this demographic (,).
evidence level4
citationHao Shuai (2026)
sourceComparative effects of pea protein vs. dairy proteins (α-lactalbumin and casein) on aminoacidemia, exercise performance, gut microbiota, hormonal responses, neurocognitive function, mood, and metabolic–inflammatory responses in older adults
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimHistorically, proteins derived from animals, such as those found in dairy, have been regarded as superior to their plant-based counterparts due to their elevated EAA content and more advantageous digestibility profiles (,).
evidence level4
citationHao Shuai (2026)
sourceComparative effects of pea protein vs. dairy proteins (α-lactalbumin and casein) on aminoacidemia, exercise performance, gut microbiota, hormonal responses, neurocognitive function, mood, and metabolic–inflammatory responses in older adults
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration across various physiological systems, particularly in terms of skeletal muscle mass, metabolic regulation, and cognitive functionality (,).
evidence level4
citationHao Shuai (2026)
sourceComparative effects of pea protein vs. dairy proteins (α-lactalbumin and casein) on aminoacidemia, exercise performance, gut microbiota, hormonal responses, neurocognitive function, mood, and metabolic–inflammatory responses in older adults
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimHowever, the extent to which enhancing early gastric proteolysis translates into improved whole-body protein utilization remains unclear.
evidence level4
citationBenito-Vázquez I (2026)
sourceActinidin-Enriched Kiwifruit Concentrate (Kwd+<sup>®</sup>) Improves Protein Utilization Efficiency and Modulates Body Composition and Muscle Function in a Protein Source-Dependent Manner.
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimDespite the absence of significant changes in circulating amino acid concentrations after multiple comparison correction, Kwd+ ® improved markers of protein utilization efficiency depending on dietary protein source.
evidence level4
citationBenito-Vázquez I (2026)
sourceActinidin-Enriched Kiwifruit Concentrate (Kwd+<sup>®</sup>) Improves Protein Utilization Efficiency and Modulates Body Composition and Muscle Function in a Protein Source-Dependent Manner.
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimIn animals fed a high-protein pea diet, supplementation significantly reduced fat mass relative to accumulated protein intake, indicating improved nutrient partitioning.
evidence level4
citationBenito-Vázquez I (2026)
sourceActinidin-Enriched Kiwifruit Concentrate (Kwd+<sup>®</sup>) Improves Protein Utilization Efficiency and Modulates Body Composition and Muscle Function in a Protein Source-Dependent Manner.
topicCasein Protein Muscle Meta-Analysis
claimProtein utilization efficiency is a key determinant of metabolic health, body composition, and muscle function, particularly under high-protein dietary conditions and when using plant-based protein sources with lower digestibility.
evidence level4
citationBenito-Vázquez I (2026)
sourceActinidin-Enriched Kiwifruit Concentrate (Kwd+<sup>®</sup>) Improves Protein Utilization Efficiency and Modulates Body Composition and Muscle Function in a Protein Source-Dependent Manner.