topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claimThe therapeutic diet emphasized a lower phosphorus-to-protein ratio, higher plant-based content, and increased fiber.
evidence level2
citationPeng YS (2026)
sourceShort-term effects of therapeutic diet on bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients: an exploratory analysis of a randomized crossover trial.
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claimThe therapeutic diet significantly increased BAP levels after 7 days (median difference: + 0.8 μg/L, P = 0.02), but did not alter other markers.
evidence level2
citationPeng YS (2026)
sourceShort-term effects of therapeutic diet on bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients: an exploratory analysis of a randomized crossover trial.
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claimBone turnover abnormalities are common in patients undergoing hemodialysis and contribute to fracture, vascular calcification, and mortality.
evidence level2
citationPeng YS (2026)
sourceShort-term effects of therapeutic diet on bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients: an exploratory analysis of a randomized crossover trial.
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claimAlthough therapeutic diets targeting phosphate balance improve mineral metabolism, their short-term effects on bone turnover remain unclear.
evidence level2
citationPeng YS (2026)
sourceShort-term effects of therapeutic diet on bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients: an exploratory analysis of a randomized crossover trial.
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claimAccordingly, contemporary guidelines no longer recommend IN-CAL as first-line treatment for chronic osteoporosis, and concerns regarding a potential malignancy signal further limited long-term use.
evidence level3
citationAhmad Areeb (2026)
sourceRevisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claim18 A landmark review by Plosker and McTavish summarized the pharmacologic and clinical evidence for IN-CAL through the mid-1990s.
evidence level3
citationAhmad Areeb (2026)
sourceRevisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claimThe present review builds upon this foundation by contextualizing historical data and synthesizing subsequent evidence across 3 domains: (1) pharmacology and mechanisms; (2) established and preventive osteoporosis; and (3) acute orthopaedic applications, with particular emphasis on analgesia and time-dependent therapeutic effects.
evidence level3
citationAhmad Areeb (2026)
sourceRevisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management
topicCalcium Bone Turnover Randomized Trial
claim1 3 - 4 5 , Intranasal salmon calcitonin (IN-CAL) is a peptide antiresorptive agent historically used in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, where early randomized trials demonstrated lumbar spine-specific increases in bone mineral density (BMD) with minimal peripheral effects.
evidence level3
citationAhmad Areeb (2026)
sourceRevisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management