topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim() found that the negative impact of prolonged cognitive effort on state mental fatigue and cognitive function at rest could be mitigated by a single consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa, which contains antioxidant compounds derived from the seeds of the fruit of thetree (Miller et al.).
evidence level2
citationTsukamoto Hayato (2025)
sourceA single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimGiven that oxidative stress is increased by psychological stress such as examinations in university students (Sivonová et al.), it is assumed that the antioxidant properties of HCF may contribute to reduced cognitive fatigue.
evidence level2
citationTsukamoto Hayato (2025)
sourceA single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim() reported that the antioxidant properties of HCF stimulate the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in animal brains, which is associated with certain cognitive functions.
evidence level2
citationTsukamoto Hayato (2025)
sourceA single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim2000 2001 2014 2022 1935 2015 2014 2022 Executive function is a critical cognitive process that supports daily activities across various populations.
evidence level2
citationTsukamoto Hayato (2025)
sourceA single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimConcurrently, the lifestyle associated with esports, characterized by physical inactivity, extended screen time, disrupted sleep cycles, and high psychological stress, poses risks to both short and long-term health [,].
evidence level4
citationGeorgiou Loizos (2026)
sourcePersonalized Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation Strategies to Support Cognitive Performance and Well-Being in Esports Athletes: A Narrative Review
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim7 7 8 9 10 11 7 9 10 11 12 Emerging evidence suggests that nutrition, dietary supplementation, and lifestyle habits play a crucial role in shaping both cognitive and physical performance in esports athletes [].
evidence level4
citationGeorgiou Loizos (2026)
sourcePersonalized Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation Strategies to Support Cognitive Performance and Well-Being in Esports Athletes: A Narrative Review
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimBalanced dietary patterns, adequate hydration, and sufficient sleep duration and quality are consistently linked to improved mental clarity, reaction times, and stress management [,].
evidence level4
citationGeorgiou Loizos (2026)
sourcePersonalized Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation Strategies to Support Cognitive Performance and Well-Being in Esports Athletes: A Narrative Review
topicCacao Flavanols Cognitive Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 Esports, or competitive video gaming, have evolved from a leisure activity into a structured and professionalized part of the global sports and entertainment industry.
evidence level4
citationGeorgiou Loizos (2026)
sourcePersonalized Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation Strategies to Support Cognitive Performance and Well-Being in Esports Athletes: A Narrative Review