evidence table

Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialPolyphenols strengthen the intestinal barrier and reduce endotoxemia; cocoa bean shell extracts protected against oxysterol‐induced intestinal damage and improved gut microbiota composition in preclinical models (Alia et al. ).3Akif Adnan (2026)Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialWhile many epidemiological studies correlate polyphenol‐rich diets (e.g., Mediterranean diet) with reduced NCCD risk, causality is uncertain due to confounding and measurement error.3Akif Adnan (2026)Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialControlled trials provide more robust evidence but vary widely in doses, formulations, populations and endpoints.3Akif Adnan (2026)Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialAMP BBB CNS COMT COSMOS CRP (hs‐CRP) CSF EGCG ENB‐2 (ENB) ENS EVOO FMD GAD‐7 (GAD) GM‐CSF (GM) HDL HOMA‐IR (HOMA) IBS IL IR LDL LPS MCI MMSE NADPH NCCD (NCCDs) PHGG PHQ‐9 (PHQ) PSQI PWV RBANS RCT SCFA SD TNF (TNF‐α) 2024 Non‐communicable chronic diseases account for the majority of morbidity and mortality worldwide.3Akif Adnan (2026)Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialThus, this review aimed to provide an overview of the latest research results on the effects of cacao on the prevention of CVDs and on biomarkers associated with these mechanisms.3Lee YG (2026)Cardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialCacao, the primary raw material for chocolate and certain beverages, is widely cultivated in the Americas and Asia.3Lee YG (2026)Cardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.
Cacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized TrialFurthermore, various components of cacao, including phenolic compounds, have been shown to be effective in preventing numerous diseases.3Lee YG (2026)Cardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimPolyphenols strengthen the intestinal barrier and reduce endotoxemia; cocoa bean shell extracts protected against oxysterol‐induced intestinal damage and improved gut microbiota composition in preclinical models (Alia et al. ).
evidence level3
citationAkif Adnan (2026)
sourceDietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimWhile many epidemiological studies correlate polyphenol‐rich diets (e.g., Mediterranean diet) with reduced NCCD risk, causality is uncertain due to confounding and measurement error.
evidence level3
citationAkif Adnan (2026)
sourceDietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimControlled trials provide more robust evidence but vary widely in doses, formulations, populations and endpoints.
evidence level3
citationAkif Adnan (2026)
sourceDietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimAMP BBB CNS COMT COSMOS CRP (hs‐CRP) CSF EGCG ENB‐2 (ENB) ENS EVOO FMD GAD‐7 (GAD) GM‐CSF (GM) HDL HOMA‐IR (HOMA) IBS IL IR LDL LPS MCI MMSE NADPH NCCD (NCCDs) PHGG PHQ‐9 (PHQ) PSQI PWV RBANS RCT SCFA SD TNF (TNF‐α) 2024 Non‐communicable chronic diseases account for the majority of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
evidence level3
citationAkif Adnan (2026)
sourceDietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimThus, this review aimed to provide an overview of the latest research results on the effects of cacao on the prevention of CVDs and on biomarkers associated with these mechanisms.
evidence level3
citationLee YG (2026)
sourceCardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimCacao, the primary raw material for chocolate and certain beverages, is widely cultivated in the Americas and Asia.
evidence level3
citationLee YG (2026)
sourceCardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.
topicCacao Flavanols Cognition Randomized Trial
claimFurthermore, various components of cacao, including phenolic compounds, have been shown to be effective in preventing numerous diseases.
evidence level3
citationLee YG (2026)
sourceCardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.

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Source documents

  1. Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities
  2. Cardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.