topicCacao Flavanol Eye Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimEmerging evidence suggests that dark chocolate (DC), rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, magnesium, and theobromine, may exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects.
evidence level4
citationSafari K (2025)
sourceDark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit<sup>®</sup> Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial.
topicCacao Flavanol Eye Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimResults: DC supplementation significantly improved functional performance (CINDY WOD) across all menstrual phases, with the greatest enhancement during PMS ( p p = 0.010 vs.
evidence level4
citationSafari K (2025)
sourceDark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit<sup>®</sup> Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial.
topicCacao Flavanol Eye Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimAdditionally, DOMS was notably reduced in the luteal phase at 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-exercise in the DC condition compared to the control and placebo ( p p > 0.05).
evidence level4
citationSafari K (2025)
sourceDark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit<sup>®</sup> Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial.
topicCacao Flavanol Eye Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimBackground: Hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle can significantly impair physical performance, neuromuscular function, and cognitive processing in female athletes, particularly during the premenstrual phase.
evidence level4
citationSafari K (2025)
sourceDark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit<sup>®</sup> Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial.