topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claimHowever, clinical evidence linking their intake to site-specific upper respiratory mucosal immune health in humans remains limited.
evidence level2
citationKanno T (2026)
sourceDietary β-1,3/1,6-Glucan from Baker's Yeast Supports Upper Respiratory Mucosal Immune Health in Healthy Adults: Evidence from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claimSC-BG intake also attenuated declines in s-IgA levels in the posterior oropharyngeal wall and nasopharynx and increased salivary lysozyme concentrations.
evidence level2
citationKanno T (2026)
sourceDietary β-1,3/1,6-Glucan from Baker's Yeast Supports Upper Respiratory Mucosal Immune Health in Healthy Adults: Evidence from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claimBackground/Objective : Dietary polysaccharides are increasingly recognized as functional nutritional components that support human health through modulation of immune function.
evidence level2
citationKanno T (2026)
sourceDietary β-1,3/1,6-Glucan from Baker's Yeast Supports Upper Respiratory Mucosal Immune Health in Healthy Adults: Evidence from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claimBy interacting with innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed on gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and immune cells, β-1,3-glucans regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses [,].
evidence level4
citationSamiksha Fnu (2026)
sourceFungal β-1,3-glucans: Cell Wall Constituents That Promote Gut Health Through Innate Immune Modulation
topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claimTable 2 A summary of β-glucans derived from different fungal sources and their associated therapeutic properties is provided in.
evidence level4
citationSamiksha Fnu (2026)
sourceFungal β-1,3-glucans: Cell Wall Constituents That Promote Gut Health Through Innate Immune Modulation
topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claimAlthough multiple receptor systems are involved, the overall framework is conserved and relies on the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by PRR families, including Dectin-1, TLRs, complement receptor 3 (CR3), lactosylceramide (LacCer), and scavenger receptors (SRs).
evidence level4
citationSamiksha Fnu (2026)
sourceFungal β-1,3-glucans: Cell Wall Constituents That Promote Gut Health Through Innate Immune Modulation
topicBeta Glucan Upper Respiratory Infection Randomized Trial
claim1 2 2 Glucans are polysaccharides composed entirely of glucose monomers and are generally classified into three structural categories: α-glucans, β-glucans, and mixed α, β-glucans [,].
evidence level4
citationSamiksha Fnu (2026)
sourceFungal β-1,3-glucans: Cell Wall Constituents That Promote Gut Health Through Innate Immune Modulation