topicBee Pollen Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimLimitations of emerging technologies (reduced accuracy in the field for AI and LAMP), gaps in multi-pathogen synergies (including viruses and bacteria), interactions with pesticides, and climate impacts with explicit uncertainties are discussed.
evidence level4
citationBava R (2026)
sourceDiagnostic Techniques and Epidemiological Methods for Parasites in Beekeeping: Considerations and Perspectives.
topicBee Pollen Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimPests contribute significantly to the loss of Apis mellifera colonies in a multifactorial context that includes viruses, pesticides, nutritional deficiencies, and climate change.
evidence level4
citationBava R (2026)
sourceDiagnostic Techniques and Epidemiological Methods for Parasites in Beekeeping: Considerations and Perspectives.
topicBee Pollen Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimThis review critically summarises diagnostic techniques (morphological, molecular, automated) and epidemiological methods for the main parasites ( Varroa destructor , Vairimorpha spp., Acarapis woodi , Tropilaelaps spp., Aethina tumida , Lotmaria passim , Crithidia mellificae ), evaluating trade-offs between sensitivity, specificity, cost, and practicality.
evidence level4
citationBava R (2026)
sourceDiagnostic Techniques and Epidemiological Methods for Parasites in Beekeeping: Considerations and Perspectives.