topicBee Pollen Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3–5 6 5 7–9 5 10–13 14–17 18 19 20–22 As a result of typical bodily functions and during periods of exercise, individuals innately produce reactive species.
evidence level3
citationXu Xiaoying (2025)
sourceEffects of propolis intake on endurance exercise and molecular signaling related to inflammation and oxidative stress
topicBee Pollen Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimFor example, oxidative damage has been linked to increased inflammatory response (), reduced exercise performance (e.g., force generation) reviewed in (), inflicted muscle damage (,), and accelerate fatigue (,) if it persists beyond a particular adaption threshold over a lengthy duration.
evidence level3
citationXu Xiaoying (2025)
sourceEffects of propolis intake on endurance exercise and molecular signaling related to inflammation and oxidative stress
topicBee Pollen Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimFurthermore, the excessive generation of unstable atoms following vigorous physical exertion can result in permanent harm to the body’s inflammatory response, internal cell structures, and ultimately lead to muscular deterioration ().
evidence level3
citationXu Xiaoying (2025)
sourceEffects of propolis intake on endurance exercise and molecular signaling related to inflammation and oxidative stress
topicBee Pollen Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimThese reactive species, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen singlet, hydroxyl reactive species, and others, are molecules that have unpaired electrons and can react with other substances, causing damage to them.
evidence level3
citationXu Xiaoying (2025)
sourceEffects of propolis intake on endurance exercise and molecular signaling related to inflammation and oxidative stress