evidence table

Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialThe pooled results using a random-effects model showed that daily ACV intake significantly reduced body weight [SMD: -0.39; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.15; p = 0.001; I 2 = 62%], BMI [SMD: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.26; p = 0.001; I 2 = 83%], and WC [SMD: -0.34; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.02; p = 0.04; I 2 = 61%].1Castagna A (2025)Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialSensitivity analyses excluding high-risk-of-bias studies confirmed the robustness of ACV's beneficial effects on body weight and BMI.1Castagna A (2025)Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialSubgroup analyses suggested that ACV consumption significantly improved anthropometric parameters when administered for up to 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 mL/day, and in adults who were overweight, obese, or had type 2 diabetes.1Castagna A (2025)Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialBackground: Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a naturally fermented beverage with potential metabolic health benefits; however, its effects on weight loss remain controversial.1Castagna A (2025)Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialAlthough several meta-analyses have reported favorable outcomes associated with vinegar consumption, the overall strength and quality of the available evidence have not been comprehensively evaluated.2Shahmohammadi F (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialPooled results indicated that vinegar consumption was associated with improvements in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-9.40 mg/dL), postprandial glucose (PPG) (-14.59 mg/dL), postprandial insulin (PPI) (-1.29 mu/L), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (-0.70%), total cholesterol (TC) (-9.39 mg/dL), body weight (-1.06 kg), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-2.94 mmHg).2Shahmohammadi F (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialVinegar intake was associated with statistically significant improvements in FBG (moderate certainty), PPG (moderate certainty), HbA1c (moderate certainty), TC (very low certainty), body weight (high certainty), and SBP (high certainty).2Shahmohammadi F (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized TrialVinegar is a natural dietary product that has been proposed to exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health, including glycemic regulation, lipid metabolism, blood pressure control, and weight management.2Shahmohammadi F (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimThe pooled results using a random-effects model showed that daily ACV intake significantly reduced body weight [SMD: -0.39; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.15; p = 0.001; I 2 = 62%], BMI [SMD: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.26; p = 0.001; I 2 = 83%], and WC [SMD: -0.34; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.02; p = 0.04; I 2 = 61%].
evidence level1
citationCastagna A (2025)
sourceEffect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimSensitivity analyses excluding high-risk-of-bias studies confirmed the robustness of ACV's beneficial effects on body weight and BMI.
evidence level1
citationCastagna A (2025)
sourceEffect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimSubgroup analyses suggested that ACV consumption significantly improved anthropometric parameters when administered for up to 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 mL/day, and in adults who were overweight, obese, or had type 2 diabetes.
evidence level1
citationCastagna A (2025)
sourceEffect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimBackground: Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a naturally fermented beverage with potential metabolic health benefits; however, its effects on weight loss remain controversial.
evidence level1
citationCastagna A (2025)
sourceEffect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimAlthough several meta-analyses have reported favorable outcomes associated with vinegar consumption, the overall strength and quality of the available evidence have not been comprehensively evaluated.
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi F (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimPooled results indicated that vinegar consumption was associated with improvements in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-9.40 mg/dL), postprandial glucose (PPG) (-14.59 mg/dL), postprandial insulin (PPI) (-1.29 mu/L), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (-0.70%), total cholesterol (TC) (-9.39 mg/dL), body weight (-1.06 kg), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-2.94 mmHg).
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi F (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimVinegar intake was associated with statistically significant improvements in FBG (moderate certainty), PPG (moderate certainty), HbA1c (moderate certainty), TC (very low certainty), body weight (high certainty), and SBP (high certainty).
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi F (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Blood Glucose Randomized Trial
claimVinegar is a natural dietary product that has been proposed to exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health, including glycemic regulation, lipid metabolism, blood pressure control, and weight management.
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi F (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.

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Source documents

  1. Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
  2. Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.