topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimbecause of evidence of its use by athletes with the intention of enhancing performance The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) classified Meldonium as a prohibited substance effective January 1, 2016.
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimThe decision to move Meldonium from the Monitoring program to the Prohibited list was made “…” (WADA 2016 Prohibited List, 16 September 2015), rather than robust scientific evidence demonstrating actual performance enhancement.
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimTo date, scientific consensus on Meldonium’s ergogenic effects in humans remains inconclusive, prompting a need for a critical evaluation of the existing evidence hierarchy.
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim1 2 β While Western countries commonly refer to substances like Meldonium as “metabolic modulators,” in Eastern countries, they are frequently classified as “antihypoxic agents” ().
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claim1 2 2 3 4 Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder of and is frequently associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, muscle stiffness, depression, and anxiety [,].
evidence level4
citationdo Lago Isabella Oliveira (2026)
sourceSerotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Fibromyalgia Management: An Integrative Literature Review of Clinical Evidence
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimHowever, a prominent theory posits reduced or absent inhibitory control in FM compared to healthy individuals, potentially a primary cause of the disorder [].
evidence level4
citationdo Lago Isabella Oliveira (2026)
sourceSerotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Fibromyalgia Management: An Integrative Literature Review of Clinical Evidence
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimThis review synthesizes 18 recent RCTs (2015–2025), identifying critical evidence gaps including long-term efficacy (>12 months) and combination pharmacological/non-pharmacological approaches.
evidence level4
citationdo Lago Isabella Oliveira (2026)
sourceSerotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Fibromyalgia Management: An Integrative Literature Review of Clinical Evidence
topicAcetyl-L-Carnitine Fatigue Randomized Trial
claimThe prevalence of this syndrome in the global population is between 2% and 4%, predominantly affecting females between the ages of 20 and 55.
evidence level4
citationdo Lago Isabella Oliveira (2026)
sourceSerotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Fibromyalgia Management: An Integrative Literature Review of Clinical Evidence